First and foremost, thank you to everyone who contributed to finding a solution, especially those who bugged apple support to fix their **** and issue a new certificate. I literally had a panic attack today from iCloud worries. I really thought my time was up, but you guys held it down, and I cannot be more grateful to you.
For anyone still struggling with this, I just wanted to share my experience ~briefly~ in case it may be helpful to someone. My issues started some time last week when iCloud drive stopped syncing, and was stuck uploading x amount of files. Today I resolved to sign out of icloud and sign back in to try to resolve the issue, sure enough, that didn't work, and I feared that my computer would not sync with iCloud again.
I followed the answer in
this article but it didn't fix the issue. I nearly gave up, played some online chess to get my mind off things, and then pulled my pants up and decided to give this one last go. I pulled up to macrumors.com since that's where I found
the solution to the iCloud issue so many of us experienced in March/April, and found this thread. I downloaded the initial certificate issued by Baltimore Cybertrust, but couldn't find the GeoTrust one in my keychain. I'm running High Sierra 10.13.6 btw. I saw in the later replies, that Apple had issued a new certificate, so I deleted the Cybertrust one, and then tried to add the Apple one. For whatever reason it wouldn't let me add it, so I think I had to re-add the Cybertrust one, set it to trust always, then add the Apple one. However, even after all of this, sync was still not working. I also removed the Cybertrust one after the Apple cert installed successfully.
I decided to get a hold of Apple support since that's what the shared Apple email reply said, but the agent was pretty clueless about what was going on. During the chat, I realized I was able to sign into icloud.com on Safari again, but still no sync in Finder. I gott desperate, signed out of and back into iCloud in Preferences, still nothing. Finally decided to run "killall bird" one last time, still nothing. I go back to the chat, and the agent tells me I'm gonna have to restart my computer. I then go back to my desktop, and BOOM, FILES ARE BACK and iCloud drive has a loading sign next to it... Hallelujah, **********ers!
So yeah, long story short, if after adding the new Apple-issued certificate, sync is still not going, try running the "killall bird" command in Terminal, wait 2-3 minutes, and that could do the trick. Thank you all again for your help!!!