A chips and M chips share a common architecture. M chips just have more cpu and GPU cores than A chips. A chips are smaller and need less power.
But it all Started from the greatest iPad of all time the Air 2 is when M chips started to get more powerful CPU/GPU/RAM than A series Chips ( not counting the iPad 3 because it’s 4 core GPU is crap and not even 1GB of RAM was going to save it from being useful and A6X/A7X iPads were on par with A6/A7 iPhones and iPad Mini 2/3)
Yes that has the A8X but it’s kinda counted as a “M” chip per se. And also it has definitely been over 10 years from A8X to A18X (M4) that standard A series chips have fallen behind ( A18’s multi core is equal to the A14X’s Geekbench score)😁
Also A8X marked the start of Apple modifying the GPU ( two A8 GPU’s combined IIRC and it has 8 Cores) ( despite it not being an Apple GPU) and learning from this over time to create they’re own GPU for the A11 Bionic