Screen captures are in PNG and will vary widely in size depending on the compressibility of what's on the screen.
Unlike JPG which is good at compressing smooth tonal changes, PNG is best at compressing large areas of the same color, geometric shapes, and so on; the sort of thing usually found in screenshots. If your screenshot had a photograph in it, that would explain the size. To compare, open Safari to a blank (white) page and take a screenshot; it should be tiny.
PNG is lossless so the screenshots always look exactly like your screen did you when you take them. If screenshots used JPG they'd look lousy.