This is the first I’ve heard the claim that older chips consume more battery on newer OSes. I know after every OS update there are posts about battery life going down, but those are usually because of bugs and indexing etc., and it applies to even new phones.
Is this just a theory or did you actually compare the old OS and new OS, using both with new batteries and exact same usage? If so, how much difference was there? Also keep in mind one comparison would only be one data point.
I think this is probably true for devices with non-hetereogeneous chipsets or chipsets without the high efficiency/low performance cores. I feel like iOS is running a lot more things in the background now compared to, say, iOS 10.