snow leopard keyboard fiasco
I've had a similar experience on a couple of snow leopard upgrades.
Short answer: goto system preferences->keyboard and check the "use F1, F2 as standard function keys".
Long answer: Apple support tried to convince me that a macbook pro keyboard coincidentally became defective on the FIRST reboot after installing snow leopard. Insisted that i visit a genius to troubleshoot the hardware.
I later found the checkbox, which seemed to get defaulted differently after the upgrade. A snow leopard upgrade on a 2009 macpro caused a similar symptom, but did not offer the checkbox for "use F1, F2" as hoped. The macpro had a generic usb keyboard on it. When I replaced the generic usb keyboard w/ an apple keyboard, the magic checkbox appeared. I was able to correct the settings and then revert to my preferred keyboard, working correctly.