If a particular model had at any time in the past shipped with SL on it, then yes. Today, it can be downgraded to SL easily. This applies to all the Macbook Pros, iMacs, and Mac Pros.
Since the newest models of the Mac Minis and Macbook Airs never shipped with SL, only Lion, they cannot be downgraded easily. People have figured out ways to get SL to run on them, there are instructions if you search. Basically, it involves messing with the kexts and thunderbolt might not work properly... It's a YMMV type of situation.
Yes and no. Boot camp is meant for dual booting windows. It can also be used for dual booting linux. I have never tried, but I assume it can also be used to dual boot into different versions of OSX. However, as I someone explained above, the issue will be related to native driver support.