If that doesn't work, open it back up and check all your connections. If you migrated/cloned your old drive to the new ssd, you may just have to reformat the ssd and start fresh. Could also be a dead sensor, which may just be a coincidence that it happened right after upgrading the drive.
I had this problem with my Mid 2011 MacBook Pro as well - after a OWC SSD upgrade.
Apple never could solve it - I resorted to using an App called SSD Fan Control - that app
allowed me to control the fan speed - and showed me the temperatures - so I would know
when to let the fans crank. I have had it for a year - and the MBP runs cool and quiet.
There is some initial indexing, let it run an hour and see if it finishes. Might also be encryption. Check activity manager for which process is using the CPU.
Another good app is Macs Fan Control. You can set up your cooling from there. It could be that the Mac is trying to get a temperature reading from the hard drive and isn't getting one, so it is running the fans as a protective measure.