I think I know what the problem is. You're 95% of the way there. Simply omit the sudo portion, if I'm correct in my assumption that you want to do adminy things from the command line whilst logged in to a normal account.
su adminShortName
<type in admin password>
su is "substitute user". So, what we're doing here is switching to the admin account. Now that you've switched to the admin account, you can start doing things that require sudo to work.