I think Nikon just puts extra stuff you don't really need in the lens name...kinda like Tamron, though not quite that terrible 🙄
Nikon AF-S 16-85mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR DX
Canon EF-S 15-85mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM
ED doesn't say much since it doesn't automatically mean it has x amount of flare or CA or something. AF = EF. (AF)-S = USM, and the motor is inside the lens, allowing AF with sub-D90 cameras. VR = IS, DX = (EF)-S. G tells you there is no aperture ring, which is important since Nikon kept the same mount when going from manual to autofocus lenses.
Nikon AF 35mm f/2.0D
Canon EF 35mm f/2
D just means screw drive, which is the same as a Canon lens without USM
Nikon AF-S 70-200mm f/2.8G ED-IF VR II
Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM
again, the only thing "extraneous" is ED and IF, which is easy to ignore. I dunno why they include IF, since that's pretty much only significant for macro lenses, but whatever...
if you want to know if it's a "pro" lens or not, look at the price tag.
I think both Canon and Nikon include things that could be seen as confusing to someone not familiar with the nomenclature, but if you know what each designation means, it's really not confusing at all.
To correct you on the "D" designation--it doesn't mean screw-drive, it means 'distance' and indicates lenses that transmit distance information electronically to the camera. They have a chip in them for this. Lots of earlier screw-drive Nikkors are not "D" lenses (AF Nikkor 50mm f/1.8, AF Nikkor 300mm f/4 are two examples.) The newer "G" lenses also transmit distance information, and in newer lenses, "G" replaced "D" so if it's a "G" lens, it's also for all intents and purposes, a "D" lens.
In Nikkor lens names every letter or acronym means something relating to the funtion/technology of the lens. Then there are those designations you'll find on lenses which are more like features... "ED", "VR", "DX", or "N". They're usually shown on the lens using different, larger type, in gold or red and not directly in the lens name itself. These acronyms are more like marketing/promo-type logos, and may be found at the end of the name (ED) or anywhere else on the lens nearby. But, when describing the lens in text, they're usually included in one long string... But, the bottom line is that every acronym or initial translates into something specific about the lens. So, nothing is really "extra" that you don't need in a lens name.
But, on the Canon "L" series... the "L" stands for 'luxury.' So... what does that mean? That's where it can really get confusing. It doesn't refer to anything specific about the lens, and we know all "L" lenses are not equal in many areas. It doesn't mean weather-proofed. It doesn't mean f/2.8. It doesn't mean "white lens." It doesn't mean fluoride coatings. It doesn't really say anything
absolute about a lens at all. It just means "luxury." And that
implies something special, it just doesn't say what specifically that is. Yes, they're Canon's best lenses. They're better built...top of the line. That's what it means, but it doesn't really say anything more. With the Nikkors, that label of "top of the line" is left off, since most photographers who need those special qualities don't really need a letter to tell them the difference.