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Well after further experimentation the OP has a point, well at least since ios 8.3 gave me the option to switch between 4 3 or 2g (Carrier dependent of course). I have lousy 3 and 4g reception in my current office and my battery life was not as good when taking phone calls as my old office (with 5 bar 4g reception). As we have staff wifi (ok not great but more than sufficient speed) and 2g actually gives good voice quality and I get 3 or 4 bars my battery is better than previously. I just switch it back when leaving.
 
Well after further experimentation the OP has a point, well at least since ios 8.3 gave me the option to switch between 4 3 or 2g (Carrier dependent of course).
Alas, not an option with AT&T. Stands to reason since they're planning to kill 2G support soon. Back when that was an option, switching to 2G actually did help prolong battery life on my iPhone. Simply disabling cellular data on an iPhone 5 or newer? Nope, not really.
 
Why don't iPhones utilise fast charging?

Just seen on GSMarena that the iPhone 6 plus takes over twice as long to charge as the S6 as well as other snapdragon-ed devices.
 
I used to switch 3G off on my old iPhones 4 and 5 because 2G gave me a *much* longer battery life. I only toggled 3G when I needed it. The only problem was not receiving MMS.
With my 6+ I leave 4G on permanently as the battery life is plenty good enough.
 
I was having battery life issues and this did actually help me get 1-2 hours more on average. I have pretty bad LTE in my house, about -115 in field test mode, so yeah.

Even when you are connected to WiFi, the phone is receiving (at least for Verizon) WiFi, LTE or whatever data you are defaulting to, and 1x for calls. If one of your signals, in my case LTE, is weak and inconsistent, simply disabling it will help a decent amount. I average about 6-7 hours screen-on time with my iPhone 6, and that can get me through a day or 2, so that's satisfying enough for me.

I used to be OCD about it, anything below 8 hours was terrible, I would disable data, turn just about everything off, turn brightness down to like 10%... Yes it gave me great battery life (about 8.5-10 hours of use) but I simply got sick of it. I turned my brightness back up, stopped worrying about switching data on and off, and switched the battery percentage off. On top of that, iOS 8.2 helped my battery life a LOT. So I don't need to worry really.
 
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