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Can you imagine the effects of diffraction on an image shot at f/11 or 16 with a sensor as small as the iPhone’s?
If people can get good images out of micro 4/3, who’s to say it can’t be done with some computational photography backing up the hardware?
 
Honestly I would prefer an ND filter rather than variable aperture, not sure how difficult that would be to implement.
There isn't enough room available in current smartphone camera modules, with the other parts they contain, to add a movable ND filter and the mechanisms to move it, though modules could be made a little bigger to accommodate one, but then the camera plateau would be somewhat thicker.

The experimental OnePlus Concept One from 2020, which was a prototype never commercially released (but demonstrated to some people at CES), contained a layer of electrochromic glass over the camera array, so that when a voltage was applied to this material, it altered its opacity. In the camera’s Pro Mode, the phone could apply a voltage to turn the glass into a solid-state 3-stop ND filter. OnePlus didn't move forward with it, even though they said it didn't add much more expense or thickness, though it might have added a bit of its own slight color cast, and only 3 stops wasn't as much as OnePlus might have wanted to implement (achieving more stops was a greater challenge).
 
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