Most probably, as long as it's a TB3 dock and not a UCB-C dock. I have a TB3 eGPU connected through that adapter and it works fine. Other networking/USB devices connected to the eGPU also work without issues.
As long as you have a powered dock (something which has its own power plug,) you can use it with the adapter. I'm not sure about the USB-C ports, however. Caldigit provides this document about their docks, but it doesn't specifically address USB-C functionality. https://www.caldigit.com/is-my-cald...ble-with-apple-thunderbolt-1-and-2-computers/