I know there is no M-Series iMac Pro YET, hence what I'm asking.First there is no M-series iMac Pro released, you can look at how it runs on a 2021 M1 Pro/Max 14"and 16" MBP for fact finding. Also you could also search against scientific software running on the M1 24" iMac.
Software is either universal (ARM native support) or x86 Mac programs play via Rosetta 2 if they are 64 bit variety.
I don't know what scientific software is left for or being switched to ARM. I had a brief gig at a govt lab doing setting up lab cameras for testing. They had just switched to the then new Trashcan Mac Pros and there was a bit of a curve for putting software that used to run on internal cards now running on external machines. There was grumbling of switching to Windows then but that was almost a decade ago. I'm no longer working in that field and haven't kept up so I do not genuinely know what scientific software and houses using it will make the switch.
I understand if they're 64 bit but what about plugins, drivers, etc? You can have whatever application you want but if the needed plugin for a piece of external hardware has yet to be updated or is broken by the latest swatch of OS updates, whats the point?