To close this out - I took the MacBook to the Apple Store last Friday. He diagnosed a major hardware fault, probably a bad logic board, and shipped the computer for service. It was repaired yesterday (Monday) and shipped back to me, arrived this morning. The service invoice indicates a bad cable, rather than a bad logic board. In any case, I'm glad that I had Apple Care on this machine and I probably couldn't have asked for faster service (Friday to Tuesday). The rMBP came back in good shape with no data loss, so all looks good.