If you don’t have one, set up a Google account. Use it to sync contacts, calendars, notes, etc on your iPhone. You will have to export your contacts (from iCloud I’m assuming) via iCloud.com to a file on your computer then import into calendar.google.com. I believe you’ll likely have to do the same with your calendar(s). Install Google Photos on your phone and set it up to import automatically from your iPhones photo library.
I like using both platforms so I switched to Google for my main syncing a while ago, specifically for the simplicity it affords across platforms (and because it has the best spam filtering for email, IMO ).
This app can also transfer data from iOS device. Unfortunately it transfers data only to Xperia devices, but I assume that there are other similar apps.
not sure about the rest, but do note that for google photos, you have limited free space, or you can choose to compress your pictures for unlimited space