Not sure what you mean by "MiniMac"?
Is that an external drive (the Mini Stack from OWC)?
If yes, then yes, you can install High Sierra on that external drive. Boot to it when you need to run that new TurboTax software. If you are using the USB connection, booting with USB 2.0 on your 2009 MBPro will be pretty slow, but if you have an SSD in that enclosure, rather than a spinning hard drive, that will be OK.
Final thought --- Your mid-2009 MBPro only supports El Capitan, and would need a hacked install to boot with High Sierra, so that might be a good reason you could consider other options (finding a newer, used Mac that WILL run High Sierra natively, or running your tax package on a friend's newer Mac, or running it on a Windows system, maybe even a boot camp install. There would be other options that I didn't think about, too)