Speaking about uninstalling why is the windows OS install stuff all over theplace unlike the mac? would it not be better if its all in one place?
When I got a mac, I didn't understand how just deleting the application would uninstall the whole program. It wasn't until I went to my mac store for their "training" (getting started 2.0) that I found out. If you right click an application, there's the option to "show contents" (or something of that nature, right now my girlfriend's on my macbook while i'm on her pc...) In each application icon is stored the entire program. (minus the preferences files in the library)
Just thought i'd answer "why" instead of just "how". Hope that helps!
Correct - each application on a Mac is just a folder with a .app extension. Like you noted, the only things that aren't in that folder are caches, preference files, and other supporting files (all typically pretty small). They're fairly self-contained and can typically be removed just by removing the .app folder.
Some people (including me) really like to remove the plist, cache and app support files as well. I use AppZapper to do it, but you could just as easily use Spotlight and delete them yourself.