Though I've never seen the technical details, I assume AirPlay has some up-front negotiation to request the right stream spec, or it will simply be re-sampled at the receiving device.
What I'm curious about: will a direct device connection via the Lightning port (and L>>HDMI adapter) send a 4K video to a 4K TV ... ? Wasn't that a whole thing, that the adapter re-sampled output from the Lightning port and downsampled even 1080p? Was wondering if this was any different on the new models[?]
Is there any sort of visual difference between that and a video displayed natively at 1080p? Could be just me, but everything from pictures, to video look so much more crisp on the 6 display.
Actually, what I said was partially correct. Video playback (and image rendering) is native on iOS. So videos are rendered directly to screen with no downsampling (although you're still viewing 1080p). The iPhone 6+ has a larger display and only a marginally larger pixel density, so videos and images might not appear as crisp as they do on a 6. Doesn't have anything to do with downsampling - just pixel density vs screen size.