Wow! Great explanation. Makes a lot of sense.
But Dylan, you bring up a good point as well. Would Apple really design the iPhone (or any iPod with the standard connector) to be damaged by older power supplies? I would doubt it. That would be horrible negligence on their part. But they do specify "USB power" in the manual. So you never know.
I don't know that I would consider it negligence. All iPods have been able to charge/sync via USB some also do Firewire. Since there the dock and many 3rd party peripherals use the standard Dock connector it made sense to stay with that connector and since every new iPod comes only with a USB cable they might have figured that that should be a clue to not use a firewire cable/interface.
I'm not saying that it was designed not to be able to do Firewire but it might not have even been considered. Of course it could just be a standard rate of failure as well. Until Apple officially releases documentation that says a FireWire charger is OK, I'd probably avoid it just to be safe. Of course I only have a 4G iPod (one of the last to still include a FW interface) so it makes no difference to me.
Ideally the USB only connector should have some sort of keying that would make it impossible to hook to a FW dock cable but not vice-versa so that older FW compatible devices can use the new cable but new non-FW devices can't plug into the older cables for their protection. But of course then people would complain that their older USB cables don't work...