As I already posted, USB-C is a port only. The cables are built to many different protocols and they are often incompatible.
There's no single cable spec, but there
are standards.
Any compliant USB-C cable has to support
at least basic power delivery and USB 2.0 - so any USB cable will trickle charge your phone and allow basic data transfer.
The EU directive is also tackling the issue of proprietary "fast charging" systems - and requiring all manufacturers to use the various tiers of the USB Power Delivery protocol.
The complexity and tangle of standards is what you get with a multi-purpose connector - I really don't like it on desktop/laptop computers which have plenty of space for dedicated power, display and data ports - but phones and tablets only have physical space for one or two connectors, so a multipurpose port (& dongle fun) are unavoidable. USB-C was designed around the time when the industry was convinced that the future was all-mobile. It was needed on phones (microUSB was a mess) but on laptops and desktops it was a solution looking for a problem.
It's bizarre that Apple forced "USB-C for everything" on their laptops before it was ready (and offered little or no
performance advantage over MagSafe, USB 3 and DisplayPort) and took so long to use it on mobile devices (and don't get started on Magic peripherals, ATV remotes etc.
With iPad Pros and high-end iPhones increasingly being pushed as "serious" photo and video devices & able to make use of USB 3.2/USB 4/TB bandwidth, Lightning is due for replacement