Unless you're charging your phone in direct sunlight, the phone will ask for the current it deems safe from the power brick. That and, the phone will shut itself off when it gets too hot.
I've been using 50w and 60w 2.4amp Anker chargers for the last 5+ years. My phones (6+, 6s+, 8+, Xs Max, 11 Pro Max) rarely lose more than a few % from their design capacity over the course of 2 years (when I get rid of them).
Now, most of my phone's battery percentages stays between 100-90% so it is rare for me to get into full speed charging (anything past 80% slows to a trickle charge) unless I go out for the day on vacation.
Use coconutBattery to observe your battery consistently over the course of your phone's life.
Yes, heat is bad. I usually don't use my phone when it is charging - I know playing some intensive games while charging sub 80% can get the phone pretty hot. I wouldn't do that for the longevity of my battery.
That said, I've used >=2.4amp chargers since my 6+ and have not seen a detriment from using them.
If I was going to keep my phone 5+ years, I'd use the 5w 1amp brick only and try the 40-80% optimal charge level. But within 2 years, I have not seen much of an effect of doing 90-100% and fast speed charging.
Heat kills. I can't count how many times I see people leaving their phones in the sun, in hot cars, getting them to the point where they'd boil an egg...
https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_prolong_lithium_based_batteries