I could imagine the internal plug attached to a SCSI card/onboard SCSI with the two external connectors going to the back of the computer's case.
Those Centronics-style connectors were only used for SCSI-1 IIRC. In other words, this cable is a relic. What's interesting is that the two external connectors are on opposite ends of the cable. Most SCSI cables have multiple connectors at one end of the cable.
-Aaron-