The 11" MacBook Air has a 1.7GHz Ivy Bridge Core i5 standard. That's a LOT more powerful than any iPad. It isn't much slower than the 1.8GHz Ivy Bridge Core i5 in the 13". Also, both the 11" and 13" Airs can be equipped with the same 2.0GHz i7. That processor has similar performance to the 2.5GHz i5 in the base 13" MBP. Turbo Boost is a wonderful technology in that regard.
As for startup times, I notice no difference between the 2011 Air, 2012 Air, and 2012 rMBP. They are all pretty quick, since it's mostly the speed of the SSD that matters there.
Not the same the airs use ulv