How do you know you would have failed if you dropped? I know there were classes I took that, based solely on the numerical grades issued, i was getting a C in, and I got an A at the end of the semester based on the curve.
Did you talk to the professor outside of class about the scores you were getting and whether they were on-par with similarly-performing classmates? If you truly thought there was bias did you go to the department head or a dean at whichever level would be appropriate? Is there an ombudsman for the department or school? I'm guessing since it was a 101 level class you're just getting rolling, so you're not familiar with or comfortable with your options in a situation like this. Trust me, you need to learn your options, because dropping is no way to get ahead.
I had professors that would grade harshly to scare away people that weren't serious about the material. A lot of people would avoid registering for their section of the class on fear alone. The result was a group of people in the class that were not scared and were serious about the work. We got through twice as much material as other sections, and ended up learning a lot more (and our grade point average didn't suffer due to the generous curve). I relate this story because it sounds like you went into this slightly naively.
You are acting like a victim of some iron-fisted, dictatorial bigot. You should probably get over your bitterness and just take the class again, even if it's from the same professor, and learn to make it work. In the real world, if you have a tough boss you can certainly "drop", but that means quitting a job and risking your livelihood. It can be worthwhile to learn how to deal with seemingly difficult people now when there is less at stake, grow some thicker skin, and get ready for the real world where not everyone is nice and not everyone is fair.
As for learning programming, just pick a language and go. Some easy ones to start with on OS X:
C
Objective-C
Python
You don't need to learn C before Objective-C, but if you are serious about programming on a lot of different platforms, not just OS X, I'd learn C eventually.
To compile C or Objective-C programs you can use gcc at the terminal or XCode. Python is interpreted, the interpreter is just called "python". Pick one of these, or any other language (Java, Ruby, etc.) that suites your fancy and just google for an OS X tutorial on them. Most won't have OS X-specific steps unless you're using XCode, but it won't hurt to find a platform-specific tutorial.
-Lee