I'm trying to decide between the new 13 inch MacBook Pro with retina display, with 8 GB RAM and 256 GB SSD, or the 2012 13 inch MacBook Pro non retina, with 4 GB RAM and 500 GB HDD. I'm a 17 year old student, and my uses are web browsing, watching videos, doing word processing, a bit of gaming, digital art, and photo and video editing. I was going to get the retina because it is newer, has better battery life, better screen, thinner etc. However I'm concerned about the low storage and the lack of user upgrade ability. I've heard that if something breaks, it will be very expensive to replace, and if my macbook gets slow as it gets old I won't be able to swap the hard drive etc to make it faster. I feel like having options to upgrade make it feel like a safer purchase, am I right to be concerned about these things? That's why I'm looking at the non retina MacBook Pro. It's cheaper, and has more memory. But I'm worried about spending that much money on technology that is becoming outdated. It also doesn't have a great screen compared to the retina. Is it still worth buying a non retina MacBook Pro or there no point? Which one should I get?
If the price isn't a factor between non-retina 2012 and retina 2013, go with the retina 2013 in my opinion.
You said you like to do a little gaming and video editing and the 2013 Haswell processors have Intel Iris 5100 iGPU and are a lot better for anything with graphics over the 2012 Ivy Bridge HD 4000 iGPU.
Besides that point, I personally feel that 8GB should be the bare minimum people are buying in laptops in 2013 as this should be the standard baseline (dunno why Apple selling 4GB in Pro models, laughable). 8GB will give you more future proofing then 4GB for sure.
You also brought up you are looking at improved battery, which you would definitely notice with Haswell CPU and an SSD. Speaking of SSD drives, once you go SSD you never go back. They are so amazing. I remember the first time I installed an SSD in my PC and booted it up in like 20s instead of 1.5mm it's an amazing difference.
Onto the screen once you use a Retina screen, you'll love it and it will be hard to go back to a normal LCD display.
Onto space. Yes you will only have half the space of the 500GB HDD, but a lot more speed (real world noticeable speed) from the SSD. You can hook up an external HDD if you need additional space for video files, etc as a cheap option (~$70 for 1TB) which would be a lot more space while still keeping all your programs installed on the SSD. Also Apple recently went onto PCIe SSD drives which have around 700mb/s reads/writes, where a 500GB HDD would be around 100mb/s.
As for repairs, unless it's the HDD or RAM on the 2012 model that dies, most other things are still very expensive to replace, screens, logic boards, GPU, CPU, etc. You can always get AppleCare when your 1 year warranty is going to run out and if you are a student, I think it's only like $225 for AppleCare on a 13" Retina and you don't need to buy it right away, you can budget and purchase it anytime before the first 12 months is up (initial warranty).
Sorry for long response, hope it helps.
TL DR;
2013 13" Retina Macbook Pro 8GB RAM and SSD > 2012 13" Non-Retina Macbook Pro 4GB RAM and HDD unless price is a massive factor.