Blame it on Microsoft
I stand corrected it is a Linksys 2.4 ghz wireless router.
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Yes the devices see the network.
I am seeing Mac Address and a Access Point MAC address. Does that do anything?
So you see the SSID - and you have the passcode. You need a passcode if there is a "padlock" in Airport next to the network name - SSID.
Your system administrator can use the MAC, and restrict access to just a list of MAC addresses. If this is the case, given the MAC addresses to the administrator, or connect to the router with a CAT5 cable, and access its WEB port and configure it.
You either have WAP or WPE encryption - look for a padlock after the SSID in the Airport drop-down menu.
The system administrator will have given a key, either as a sequence of hexadecimal characters or some insane key with more than 10 characters.
When all is proper, and you are certain that you have provided the correct key - Airport will handle channel, MAC and your routing to the net. A router is fully functional now, but Microsoft "invented" that they need a set of control packets to supply the same information as NETBIOS. So, your computer is waiting for DNS to give it an IP address - that comes now as a DHCP "packet" - just as in WINS. Only one DHCP server can provide the IP address, whereas any DNS could be used for the same. The next is the set-up of the radio connection, and since MS never implemented full tear-down of a connection, the router needs some extra packets that your MacBook does not understand at all. Neither does Androids or Symbian or Linux.
So, leave the Mac waiting,and reboot the router. When it is done in the right order, your Mac iOS, Android, Symbian and Linux will connect and get the IP address. Sometimes using fixed addresses avoids the problem - edit /etc/passwd - enter 10.0.0.47 MyMac, and drop the request for the IP address.
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Is that the same as Data Encryption? Where would I find that?
It is encryption between your Mac and the router.
WPA and WEP is a link encryption that is not more difficult to decipher than that I can hack a WPA network from my mobile that runs Linux. I doubt that Apple will endorse such an App..
Your Internet bank password must be encrypted differently, and so must your secure connection. Consider everything on Airport/WLAN/WiFi to be readable by others.