Your external HDD has to be formatted in FAT32 or NTFS for Windows to recognize it. If it is formatted in the Mac's HFS+ file system, Windows can't do anything with it.
Boot Camp should, for all intents and purposes, be no different then a Wintel PC, at least as it relates to hardware. The only real differences is Boot Camp provides a virtual BIOS for Windows, but hardware like a camera or microscope should not care about that.