This will help:
https://blog.halide.cam/the-iphone-12-pro-max-real-pro-photography-267ad4ac94e2
The larger sensor in the max has larger pixels therefore letting in more light. On sunny days you can’t really tell the difference between the two. Night time is where the max has the advantage. In the photos below you can see that the max has more light grasp than the 12 pro. You can easily see fainter stars in the max image vs the pro. Both were 23 minutes at iso 6400. I used the nightcap app for these shots. Read the article, it’s very helpful.
12 pro max
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12 pro
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That is an awesome picture with the 12 Pro Max, and not terrible with the 12 Pro, however, that link you gave...I gave the same link above just from a camera news website vs. straight from Halide's Blog just two posts above yours, haha.
