Chips that are on the boards rarely if ever fail. If you buy memory, they typically give you a lifetime warranty. While CPUs have typically only a 3-year warranty, they also rarely fail. In fact in my probably 40 years of using computers -- I have never had a CPU fail. A well manufactured PCB board (these days) tend to also never fail. What failed were usually mechanical parts -- or solder joints that attached things to the motherboard - especially things like slots that are more likely to have some sort of torque force applied to it during the installation and removal of components. With the older (premium) laptops like Toshiba the most common failures were the electrical plug (which was held in a plastic case and attached to the motherboard - so torque would be applied constantly), other ports - especially ethernet port, hard drives which are mechanical and wear out, etc. Other than that the next most likely fail point would be things like the monitor section which would have backlighting failures.
If you take away peoples access to the internal components and you don't allow torque on PCB boards and component solder joints the reliability goes up considerably. Basically, most of the weak points have been eliminated from current laptops and the ports are set in aluminum chassis. Unfortunately, the battery is still a consumable.
The funny thing is there are still more "repairable" electronics like TVs etc. yet in the west even if they are repairable... they never are... when was the last time someone called a TV repairperson - are there any left? Labour is expensive so people tend not to bother if the device is not working.
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The cost to replace my laptop battery when it was replaceable was within this same range -- or even more expensive [quoted about $200 from a 3rd party just for the battery]... (and that was 10 years ago). So using your logic, if Apple is having to throw away half the computer to replace the battery... they should be LOSING money hand over fist on this service replacement. We all know that that is not Apple's way...
1-inch/13-inch MacBook Air $129
13-inch MacBook (vintage) $129
13-inch/15-inch MacBook Pro $129
17-inch MacBook Pro (vintage) $179
12-inch MacBook $199
13-inch/15-inch MacBook Pro with Retina display $199
A port is usually rated for a certain number of insertions and removals (usually for USB it tends to be 10,000 or so) - this is something that is usually fairly easy to test... As long as the port is not wired directly to the motherboard, and thus torque from a possible more flexible casing lead to failure... I cannot see this being an issue.