Videx
.. in the case of a Macintosh 512 upgrade, it's an entire logic board swap.
The original motherboard supports only the 4164 DRAMs. The later ones support either 4164 or 41256, and were setup to be built on the assembly line either way, depending on need. They still sold both models side by side for a short time.
Third party upgrades were available, some of which would desolder the DRAMs, make some other changes and return your logic board, or a logic board, depending on how long you wanted to wait/how much you paid. Others created PCBs that stacked and connected to various points on the motherboard, depending on added functions. Typically clamping onto the 68000, and clipping onto a few other points.
But otherwise, a machine with M0001 was originally shipped and badged as a Macintosh or Macintosh 128, depending on date of manufacture.
The upgrade kit consisted of a motherboard and replacement badge for the back of the case.
In the case of the Mac Plus upgrade, it was a replacement case back as well.
Your model number would not change, but it would sport the 512 badge on the back. I've just never, ever, seen a black one. Since those things are stamped aluminum with a painted surface, that's kind of interesting. If it' a flat sticker, then it's not an official Apple one, and likely the upgrade is some type of the others I described.
Functionally wise, they are -all- identical. Sure, a single piece board is probably more "reliable", statistically, since there is not a change of a connection going bad between things. But functionally, it's all the same.