I’m not sure.
Apple’s various support documents say the recovery key is only needed if you forget your iCloud password. If you still remember it, then you can use that and have the 2FA code sent to a trusted phone number.
Two-factor authentication is designed to make sure that you're the only person who can access your account. Learn how it works and how to turn on two-factor authentication.
support.apple.com
Basically the recovery key/contact is only required if you forget your iCloud password as the end result of using either is resetting your iCloud password.