Being someone that goes through many devices (and displays) a year, and also having aging eyes, I've noticed the following factors affect eye strain:
- Brightness
- Color balance/profile
- Resolution/scaling/font size
Try lowering your brightness to a comfortable level (but not straining to see). I know many people really crank up that brightness without realizing that it can strain their eyes (and waste battery). If that doesn't help, try increasing the effective size of everything slightly. Quite often, the default scaling level on macOS can be something I don't agree with. But moving the scaling slider around (and trying it out at that level for a couple hours) can determine if it'll help your eye strain issue.
I know when I first bought my 40" 4K display, using native 1:1 3840x2160 out-of-the-box settings really killed my eyes, and was on the verge of returning it. Using QuickRes to scale to effectively 2560x1440 HiDPI, along with calibrating my colors really changed the way it felt, and haven't had problems with it since. I've had a couple MacBooks with a similar effect on my eyes, but just changing the scaling alone has generally been enough to alleviate my symptoms.
Hope this helps someone.