No, they do not.
R&D in materials and manufacturing processes come from manufacturers, not consumer electronics companies. This misguided notion that Consumer Electronics companies are engineering prowesses needs to stop. I have a feeling this misconception came from American patriots supporting Apple who wanted to believe America is still a technological powerhouse it once was. Stop it. It's just not true.
Manufacturing companies engineer. Consumer electronics companies buy and rebrand. Period.
Their A-processors are basic alteration from the vanilla ARM instructions and designs. All you need is something like libgcm and 20 minutes of your time to configure the circuitry to match the voltages to do what Apple "designs". Designing processors like what Apple is doing isn't hard...
And their OS is a bastardized version of open source FreeBSD. They couldn't even make their own kernel like Microsoft can (I'm using a Mac, btw).
That's like saying the Qualcomm processors are generic.
You clearly know nothing about the A processors in iOS devices.
You cannot spend 20 minutes with anything and come up with an ARM derivative that is power efficient.
You need longer than that just to install the ARM configuration tools. I've worked on ARM Processors and fully understand how to configure them along with how the ETM works.
Apple has plenty of patents for real things based on real hardware designs.
I know quite a few people that have worked at Apple doing chip design.
I am an ASIC design engineer. I have been doing chip design for more than 20 years in everything from ECL, BiCMOS and in just about every geometry from 3.5 micron to currently 28nm.
You clearly know nothing about the chip industry because most chip companies don't manufacture chips. AMD doesn't, nVidia doesn't, Marvell doesn't, Qualcomm doesn't, etc... I can list you about 50 or so chip companies that are completely FAB-less.
Also MacOS is not a bastardized open source BSD kernel. FreeBSD dates back to 1993. MacOS or you would be better calling it NeXTStep uses a Mach Kernel developed at CMU. It's a modern kernel architecture and one of the first to support runtime-binding. This dates back to late 1980's.
You should probably learn more about computer history. I owned a NexT machine, which is what MacOSX is based on.
You should also check your references about the kernel that Microsoft developed, they hired , Richard Rashid who worked at CMU as a researcher on Mach. Avie Tevanian was on the Mach research project, then was at NeXT, then Apple.