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I'm curious - whats the difference between option and stock awards?

Options require the CEO to increase the value of the company in order to receive any value - and the more they increase the value, the more their earnings are magnified. If the value stays flat or decreases, they earn $0.

Stock awards are exactly the same as if they purchased stock. They increase and decrease linearly with stock price.

Tl;dr - Options are an outsized reward for stock price growth. Stock units tie compensation to stock price.
 
What exactly is he being “compensated” for. Compensation is where you lose a limb...

why can’t they just say “pay” or “pay and equivalents“ given the huge share options that are usually encapsulated in these figures.
 
I don’t knock anyone for their salary. It’s what the company and board feel his contribution is and the compensation. Anyone that whines is a bit out of touch with reality or jealous.
 
How so? The overwhelming majority of compensation is stock-based (due to US tax laws). This means their wealth is highly tied to stock performance. Options are particularly sensitive, since if the stock price drops below the exercise price, the options are effectively worthless.
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Stock-based compensation comes out of shareholder's pockets, via share dilution.

The compensation isn't stock-based for tax reasons. There are other reasons, e.g. to better align an executive's interests with those of shareholders.

But, for U.S. income tax purposes, it makes little difference whether an executive receives $100 million in cash compensation on a given day or $100 million worth of vested shares on that given day. The stock-based compensation is taxed as ordinary income base on its value when the employee gets it.

Also, in Apple's case a large chunk of stock-based compensation is net-share settled. In other words, it doesn't dilute shareholders, it's a paid expense. For the rest, Apple repurchases more than enough shares to undo the dilution of the stock-based compensation. And, of course, it shows up in financial reporting as part of operating expenses, thus it reduces reported earnings.
 
Wow, Charter is #3? That's insane.

These cable companies are out here saying that the licensing costs are so expensive that they can't afford it and need to pass the costs along to the customer, and then their CEO takes home $117 million? Charter doesn't even have a production arm so this is solely profits from ripping off customers.

Source: I work for a cable company. (Not Charter)
 
Gotta love our two tier tax system. The richest pay 15% on capital gains while the rest of us working stiffs pay a much larger percentage than that. When are we going to start treating all income as income and tax it within the same tax brackets? If you inherit millions, earn millions on your own and use those millions to make more or you are paid an hourly wage or salary, it’s all income and it’s long past time we taxed it all equally. But then we might actually balance our budget. Oh, the horror!!!
 
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How so? The overwhelming majority of compensation is stock-based (due to US tax laws). This means their wealth is highly tied to stock performance. Options are particularly sensitive, since if the stock price drops below the exercise price, the options are effectively worthless.
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Stock-based compensation comes out of shareholder's pockets, via share dilution.
Bro. It's a joke. Jesus.
 
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I don't have an issue with high compensation packages. However, I wonder if some CEOs are overpaid using one simple test. To illustrate that test using Musk, if he were told he would only receive $300 million per year, would he have turned down the opportunity? If that's plausible, his compensation makes sense, if not, I'm not sure how to defend it.

Yes. Musk founded and runs four companies right now: Tesla, SpaceX, The Boring Company, and Neuralink. He'd been saying he wanted to stop at Tesla after the Model 3 reached a production rate of 20K/month, so that he could spend more time/focus at SpaceX. Then this compensation package came along, which gives him a great way to fund SpaceX, so he's sticking around at Tesla to bring them to being a $650B company (currently worth ~$285B, and at the time the performance package was set up it was worth less than $100B.)

It can't be dismissed - he's already founded and cashed out/walked away from Zip2, X/PayPal, and OpenAI.
 
I'm curious - whats the difference between option and stock awards?

Stock awards are just awards of (usually) ordinary stock shares. There's almost always a vesting period. For example, a 5 year vesting period means the awardee gets 20% of the award each year on the 5th anniversary of the award.

An option award is is the right to buy stock at a future time at a price that's set at the time of the original award. I believe in these type of options, the price is the market price at the time of the award. Again, there's a vesting period; so, for example, 20% of the awarded quantity become available each year.

Both are supposed to be incentives for the awardee to work to drive up the price of the stock. However, modern financial theory (see: Black-Scholes model) has shown that options become more valuable if the stock price exhibits more volatility. Thus, many conclude that options are an incentive for executives to drive the company toward more risky behavior than they otherwise would. In the 1980s, stock options were overwhelmingly the most common incentive; but today they have become replaced, to a great extent, by stock awards.
 
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I'm curious where Forbes is getting its numbers from. It looks like someone read the wrong line somewhere in some of Apple's financial reporting. The salary, bonus (as Forbes reports it), and perks (as Forbes reports it) numbers are correct for 2019. But the share-based compensation isn't. Unless Apple hid something, which I don't think is the case, Mr. Cook received about $113.5 million worth of vested shares in 2019 (both Apple's fiscal 2019 and calendar 2019). (He didn't actually receive that much, about $59.7 million worth of shares were withheld for tax purposes.)


EDIT: Don‘t know why I said Forbes, this is reporting from Bloomberg. My apologies to Forbes.
 
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The compensation isn't stock-based for tax reasons. There are other reasons, e.g. to better align an executive's interests with those of shareholders.

Though there are obvious benefits to performance-based pay, IRC Section 162(m), which limits the deductibility of executive pay was a major trigger of the shift in the 1990s.

Notably, the 162(m) limit of $1 Million has never changed.

But, for U.S. income tax purposes, it makes little difference whether an executive receives $100 million in cash compensation on a given day or $100 million worth of vested shares on that given day. The stock-based compensation is taxed as ordinary income base on its value when the employee gets it.

As I said, it matters to the company.
 
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But the share-based compensation isn't. Unless Apple hid something, which I don't think is the case, Mr. Cook received about $113.5 million worth of vested shares in 2019 (both Apple's fiscal 2019 and calendar 2019).

As noted in the article, they're counting awarded shares, not vested shares. Along with valuing stock options, you have to estimate a company's future stock price, so all of this is a bit speculative.

885K in perks?! What kind of perks are worth almost $1M a year? Seriously, I have an upcoming comp meeting and want to go in with some suggestions.

Personal use of the corporate jet. Personal days while on a business trip. Reimbursements for expenses that would normally be prohibited for the rank-and-file or by tax law, like alcohol, private clubs, fancy suits, haircuts etc.
 
I think Cook deserves a billion. When you bring the company worth to 1.5 Trillion, they should give you a billion dollars.
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Well some people don’t need to worry about the ongoing pandemic and the economic crisis.....

Is there an economic crisis ? The stock market would disagree with you.
 
I've been told a friend who is really really rich (by anyone's standards) that money won't make you happy. It didn't make him happy.

It’d make me and my daughter a lot happier, I can promise you that. I don’t need a cool million, but I’d take about 20% of that and call it even.
 
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Though there are obvious benefits to performance-based pay, IRC Section 162(m), which limits the deductibility of executive pay was a major trigger of the shift in the 1990s.

Notably, the 162(m) limit of $1 Million has never changed.



As I said, it matters to the company.

But share-based compensation is still considered compensation for purposes of the deduction limitation.

There was an issue when it came to performance-based compensation not being subject to that limitation (and there are still some grandfather issues on that front). But compensation could be considered performance-based whether it was share-based or not. It wasn't the compensation being share-based rather than cash that mattered, it was whether it was performance-based or not. Time-based vested RSUs, e.g., were considered compensation for purposes of the deduction limitation even before the changes made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
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885K in perks?! What kind of perks are worth almost $1M a year? Seriously, I have an upcoming comp meeting and want to go in with some suggestions.

The vast majority of it was for security and travel expenses. Smaller portions were for 401K contributions, life insurance, and vacation pay.
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As noted in the article, they're counting awarded shares, not vested shares. Along with valuing stock options, you have to estimate a company's future stock price, so all of this is a bit speculative.



Personal use of the corporate jet. Personal days while on a business trip. Reimbursements for expenses that would normally be prohibited for the rank-and-file or by tax law, like alcohol, private clubs, fancy suits, haircuts etc.

They aren't counting awarded shares. Mr. Cook didn't receive any share awards in 2019. The number Forbes is using is actually close to the value of the unvested shares (as Apple valued them) that remained from his 2011 RSU award as of the end of Apple's 2019 fiscal year.

The share based compensation he did receive is valued based on when it vested. The only thing left that could be counted as compensation for him would be the dividend equivalents that others at Apple receive on their unvested RSUs. But Mr. Cook declines those, so they shouldn't be counting that amount. And, at any rate, I don't think they'd be enough - for 2019 - to make up the difference in the numbers.


EDIT: I should have referred to Bloomberg, not Forbes.

EDIT 2: To be clear, I’m referring Bloomberg’s numbers for Mr. Cook in that penultimate paragraph. In his case, Bloomberg couldn’t have been counting share awards received in 2019 as Mr. Cook didn’t receive any in 2019. And if, for some crazy reason, they were counting awards remaining as of the end of a given year, then their numbers still wouldn’t add up.
 
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But share-based compensation is still considered compensation for purposes of the deduction limitation.

There was an issue when it came to performance-based compensation not being subject to that limitation (and there are still some grandfather issues on that front). But compensation could be considered performance-based whether it was share-based or not. It wasn't the compensation being share-based rather than cash that mattered, it was whether it was performance-based or not. Time-based vested RSUs, e.g., were considered compensation for purposes of the deduction limitation even before the changes made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Even if you're giving out cash, you often tie it back to stock prices due to the "substantially uncertain" test in 162(m). Things like earnings adjustments and special charges cause issues if you allow them to be taken into account, particularly since "substantially uncertain" is very nebulous.
 
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