Oh, you’re so sweet.
Since this is on company property, “they” would just log into your work account where your certainly have your personal email set up (because you trust them with your security key), and do a password reset with your security key. Or, if necessary, they’ll put a hidden camera behind your desk and record your personal passphrase as you type it.
And you would almost certainly have no legal recourse. It’s their computer to do with as they wish, and they’ll have “reasonable” suspicions that you’re engaging in corporate espionage or the like. You have no expectation of privacy at work, especially from your boss.
Again: no; please don’t do this.
b&