If apple had put in the retina and faster processor, they would NOT be losing money. They would be just making LESS. Since apple DOES sell millions...guess what...they'll still be making millions if they threw in the damn retina display.
Not likely, since it'd sell at about $499 and would be hot, heavy, and thick compared to what they actually shipped.
And despite the apologists wringing their hands about technological limits – there will be a Retina (or some other high resolution) Mini 2 coming out next year.
How do technological constraints today contradict future advances?
Yes it would cost apple slightly more if they included retina in this first version of the mini but they would still be making LARGE PROFIT MARGINS if they did so. Are you not aware how much mark up is? 300-500% of cost. If apple actually put their products on sale for 30%, they'd still be making millions with enough money to still expand!
The iPad mini's gross margin is around 30% already. You have some seriously off-base ideas about markup and costs.
IMO, it is not cost prohibitive to have added retina and that is just where we will continue to disagree. They are just making slightly less money.
So let's look at some numbers.
iPad mini estimated costs:
Display assembly: $57
Battery: $13
RAM: $8
A5: $14
Cost of iPhone 5 display (for baseline comparison at same pixel density): $44
iPhone 5 screen area: 6.7 inches ($6.56 per sq in). iPad 3/4 display cost: $127 for about 45 square inches at 264ppi ($2.82 per sq in). Hypothetical retina iPad mini would most likely have a display more expensive than its big brother, since higher density drives higher costs on multiple levels, but let's be generous to you and say $5 per sq in since some of display costs won't scale linearly. At 29.6 sq in, that's $148, a $91 increase in components cost by itself (on a device with a total components cost of around $220).
Then you need the A6X, costing roughly double the estimated $14 of the A5, along with moving from 512MB to 1GB of RAM, or $8 to $12. Then of course there's the battery--the iPad needs 65%+ more capacity just to match battery life with the retina display, so that $12.50 jumps up another $7, easily. That's $25 in cost increases just to make the retina display work.
$116 more in parts. With 30% margin, you're now selling the iPad mini at...$499, give or take. The only cost savings you're looking at compared to the iPad 4 is a somewhat smaller, less expensive battery, maybe a buck or two in aluminum, and a lower margin overall compensates for the more expensive screen.
Even in a fantasy land where you could make a 326ppi screen at the right size for $100, you're only pushing the price of the mini down to $429 at best.