Thank gosh there are still people in the world willing to stick up for greedy companies ripping people off!
Here is my problem with statements like this: Most people look at a BOM cost of 400 and a retail price of 2000, and say “see, Apple makes 1600$ on my iPhone!!”. But that’s not how that works.
We don’t even have to guess, it’s right in their earnings calls. Last quarter Apple’s gross margin was 46.9%. This is pushed up by their increasing services revenue, which is very high margin. Before this, Apple’s gross margin hovered around 40%, which is a very average number for a decently run company. This means that when Apple sells something for around 2000$, the cost price was around 1200$ on average. This is pure landed cost, meaning this is what Apple pays for the product, including freight. This does NOT cover fixed costs such as salaries, rent, marketing etc. Those costs are covered by the 40%. This is not debatable.
So how did we get from 400$ cost to 2000$ retail then? Simple: 400$ cost is the cost of the parts. Add to that the margin of the manufacturer, to cover his salaries, rent, stocking costs etc. Then you add Apple’s 40% margin*, or a markup of 1.67, or +67%, whichever way you prefer to calculate. Then you add freight from the factory to a distributor. Then you add margin to the distributor, to cover their salaries etc. Then you add freight to a retailer. Then you add margin for the retailer to cover their salaries etc. Then add taxes, VAT etc.
*Note how early in the chain Apple’s margin was added? Apple do not get 40% off 2000$. They get 40% of some value further down the chain. Rather than earning 1600 per phone, they are more likely earning in the vicinity 600 per phone. Which is still good, as evidenced by being a very profitable company. But if you think they are simply pocketing most of the money you pay for a phone, you are wrong.
If you have never run a business, a good way to think of it is to consider “margin” as equal to your salary. Your salary is equivalent to essentially 100% margin, or infinite markup. Does that inherently make you greedy? No, that’s just the margin you need on your work, to be able to pay the rent, all the bills, food etc, and have a bit left over for fun.
I’m not saying greedy people do not exist, but there is no inherent difference between a company’s markup and an employee’s salary. In both cases, a given margin percentage does not inherently make you rich.