What many don't understand is that CDMA underlies all 3G wireless technologies. HSPA, WCDMA, CDMA2000 are all flavors of CDMA. If your iPhone says 3G on it right now, it is using CDMA using a GSM-style air interface, but the underlying technology is CDMA. If your iPhone says E, then it is running old TDMA technology (2G wireless) using a GSM-style air interface.
If it's CDMA, then Qualcomm has something to do with it as they hold most of the key underlying patents. In 4G, such as LTE, Flarion held most of the underlying patents behind the multi-path OFDM technology, which is the basis of all 4G wireless, including LTE, Wimax, and the now-defunct UMB. Flarion was purchased by Qualcomm, so again, 4G will be ruled by Qualcomm patents.
As mentioned earlier, Qualcomm is the premier supplier for 3G chipsets, including those that operate on GSM networks. That includes multi-mode chipsets that operate on the whole alphabet soup of standards, including CDMA2000 (the flavor of CDMA in Sprint and Verizon), HSPA (3G CDMA/GSM under ATT and T-Mobile), and even China's TD-SCDMA. If you want to crack the larger China market, you have to support TD-SCDMA, so Apple has a reason to go for a multi-mode chipset besides deeper penetration into the US market.
Other markets, such as South Korea, are also primarily CDMA2000, moving to LTE in the future. So if you want a more world view, multi-mode is the way to go.
It would be a simple matter for Qualcomm to supply a chipset for a world-wide phone that operates on every 3G network on the planet. Qualcomm even supports a combined 3G/4G chipset (probably won't be ready for an iPhone 5), but only for LTE, as Qualcomm will not support Wimax, as Qualcomm does not believe Wimax is a true 4G technology. So the chips are available. It's just a question of money and whether the two companies can make a deal.