That’s down to a manufacturer to prove to the consumer if a product has been abused within a reasonable amount of time here in Europe. A warranty is a ‘voluntary service agreement’ that a manufacturer can state, but it’s not worth the paper it’s written in if the product is deemed to not last a reasonable length of time.
IIRC, the warranty is for a minimum of 2 years. It’s the retailer who is responsible for warranty, so you have to return it to the original point of sale. The manufacturer is not on the hook for repairs, unless you bought it from them, than whatever agreement they have with the retailer. So a phone bought in Spain by a German would require it to be returned to Spain under EU regulations. A phone bought in the US would only have any worldwide warranty by the manufacturer, in Apple’s case 1 year.
The minimum warranty period is 2 years, although states may make it longer via national law. Also, IIRC, after a fixed period (1 year by directive)it is up to the consumer to prove it was a defect Should the retailer claim it was not an issue caused by a defect. Covered under warranty.
In addition, such warranty costs are included in the sales price based on a manufacturers anticipated warranty costs over that period required by EU regulation.