Looking into it a little further, my problem is that Adguard was blocking ca.iadsdk.apple.com. Once I put that in the allow list, it started working (I had to pull the cable out and put it back in). Apparently, that address is required in order to sync from the Mac to the iPhone.No Adguard.
It was syncing before 17.2
So 17.2 is the problem, not apps. Not even MDCrashReportTool. iOS was working with MDCrashReportTool before the 17.2 update. Now you have to kill MDCrashReportTool to get the sync to work.
I don’t think 17.2 should even have been released if it stops your iphone from syncing with the computer.