Just double click the spacer between the name column and the next column. It'll automatically resize to fit (10.8.3 does this).
I want the columns to be sized properly without any user intervention, without mousing around. All this requires is a modicum of code that any intern could write and a checkbox somewhere in the Finder's preferences. Cook mentioned in an interview that Apple users pay the company to make sensible decisions with respect to design. Well, in my opinion Apple is making poor design decisions with Finder. They have billions in cash, so why not hire a few good coders to get Mac OS X to a point where the known bugs and issues are resolved? If Apple stops supporting OS X, then there competitive advantage of iOS looks much less compelling for my purposes.