On the contrary, to the shock of some people Apple went so far to acquire a number of chip design companies, and followed up by making even more investment in recent years.
Financially the prudent thing to the eyes of Wall Street type would've been what others are doing, which is to buy Qualcomm processors or whatever other off-the-shelf processor. Instead Apple bought PA Semi, Intrinsity, etc, and built their own architecture which cost time and money, instead of using the existing ARM architecture.
Under Tim Cook they are even going so far to assembling its own GPU team among other parts - they already are known to be investing into their own display driver chip and flash memory controller.
Thus the actual events contradict your claim: unlike most other phone makers who buy components designed by others, Apple is investing a significant amount of money into making their own parts and making leaps faster than expected.
The most surprising thing to me is Apple didn't milk the Swift architecture used in the A6 chip in A7 but made another jump so quickly with Cyclone. With Cyclone leapfrogging its competition in a number of areas, Apple is not under pressure to make another jump so quickly.
But the question remains, why dual core? My guess is simple. Too much heat and power usage with quad core. One thing Apple doesn't have control over is the actual manufacturing of chips. They have to rely on a fabricator like TSMC, Samsung, Globalfoundries, or whoever that can supply chips with the latest process in a large quantity. No matter how well Apple does design the chip, they are still constrained by the law of physics and economy.