I said this in another thread, but it seems more on-point here. It makes no sense to me why the iPhone costs as much as it does.
An iPad with the same CPU, same flash storage, same cellular chip as an iPhone, but with a bigger battery, bigger screen, and more RAM costs usually ~$20 less than the iPhone. Why does a device that has a more expensive display and more expensive battery, but is otherwise equivalent cost less? This makes no sense. Further craziness happens when you figure in the iPhone 6 Plus, where increasing battery and screen size drives prices up, until it doesn't and then it drives prices down?
Here's a handy chart I made up of starting prices and specs, that shows that as batteries and screens get bigger, price gets lower (except for iPhone6 to 6plus):
$650 - A8 CPU - 1GB RAM - 4.7" Screen - 1810 mAh Battery - iPhone 6
$750 - A8 CPU - 1GB RAM - 5.5" Screen - 2915 mAh Battery - iPhone 6 Plus
$630 -A8x CPU - 2GB RAM - 9.7" Screen - 7340 mAh Battery - iPad Air 2 Cellular
$550 - A7 CPU - 1GB RAM - 4.0" Screen - 1560 mAh Battery - iPhone 5S
$530 - A7 CPU - 1GB RAM - 7.9" Screen - 6470 mAh Battery - iPad Mini 3 Cellular
*worth noting, all of the above devices have Touch-ID, LTE capabilities, and all of those prices are for the starting 16GB models, though as the flash memory capacities increase, the relative price differences stay the same. It's possible to include more devices in the chart, but I picked these to highlight their many similarities and to highlight the few but important differences.
The reason I chose the CPU, RAM, screen size, and battery capacity specs is because those are typically the most expensive components and logic dictates those should influence price the most.
It makes even less sense when you figure in large fixed costs, such as R&D. Apple sells ~6x more iPhones than iPads, according to recent earnings reports (correct me if I'm wrong). I doubt iPad R&D is 1/6th of iPhone R&D - I bet they're about equal, or maybe iPhone is 2x more, but certainly not 6x more. Thus, the R&D cost per unit is less with the iPhone.
Thus, on every single measure I can think of, the iPhone should cost less than an otherwise equivalent iPad. And not just a bit less, but significantly less. If iPad prices are the "correct" baseline, then the latest iPhone should start at ~$450.
How many more iPhones would Apple sell, and how much more revenue would their various digital Stores make for app developers and musicians, if the iPhone6 started at $450?