After a lot of reading, we really won't know until someone (iFixit) does a tear down to see what radio Apple used.
If it is the MDM6600, it can do 14.4Mbps HSPA+.
Apple is claiming 14.4Mbps HSDPA in the tech specs.
The issue is that 14.4Mbps HSDPA is Release 7 which makes it HSPA+.
Or Apple is lying/exaggerating and it's really running at 14.0 Mbps HSDPA Release 5, this would make it an HSPA device.
Now I've heard arguments that they are using MIMO over dual 7.2Mbps links making this a Release 5 device, but the issue with that is MIMO wasn't introduced until Release 7.
Either way, it's software and Apple can update from Release 5 (HSPA) to Release 7 (HSPA+) pretty easy.
Here... light reading...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access
The heavy reading.
http://www.3gpp.org/HSPA
HSPA+ tops out at 84.4Mbps