I lumped 'farmer/distributer' into one person for my example. But whatever you call that person, no, they don't always sell it to everyone for the same price. The factory buying 20,000 gallons is going to get a better price than the grocery buying 2,000 gallons.
Maybe you can explain this to me mate. Because I just don't see how your farmer/gasoline comparison works. It is an entirely different market. Consider this:
Let's imagine the following scenario. Suppose you have 1000 units of an item. Now suppose there is more than 1000 units needed by the public. Finally, last supposition, you can sell these units directly to the public without a middle man (you already have the distribution infrastructure in place) and you cannot replenish your units faster than you sell them. So, tell me, why should someone who buys 500 units, to distribute it to the public for you, get a better rate than the individuals ready to buy one unit at a time? Either way you are selling your entire stock, faster than you can replenish it. To give anyone a bulk discount would be stupidity. You'd be losing profits for no good reason.
"But two 500 unit transaction fees are cheaper than one thousand 1 unit transaction fees, so the distributor would rather sell it to re-distributors". Fine. But you know the re-distributor is going to want to make money and he won't take the transaction fees out of his pocket. So, either way, the consumer is going to pay that transaction fee. It is therefore a non-issue since you can add it to your price and it'll be sold anyway.
Fact: ATT only has so much bandwidth available.
Fact: ATT cut off unlimited data plan going forward and implemented throttling on users to limit their data usage. Why? Because the network was congested. That means it couldn't supply for the demand.
Conclusion, ATT has no problem selling all its bandwidth. Whatever price it will give the distributors will only increase the total cost of bandwidth. So here comes the big question. Who is going to end up paying that cost, at the end of the line? Do you think the middle-men ATT wants to introduce are going to absorb the cost for you, dear user? Hell no. Your total price will only go up. Rather than build more pipes and offer more bandwidth to resolve the congestion, ATT wants to hike the price up to stifle demand yet get the same return.
Reminds me of the diamond industry.