It won't. It doesn't make any difference.
I'm going to assume you're talking about an iPhone here. All iPhones since I believe the 8 can charge at up to 18W. If you plug them into a 20W charger, they will charge at 18W. If you plug them into a 60W charger, they will charge at 18W. If you plug them into a 100W 16" MacBook Pro charger, they will charge at 18W. In any modern device, the device sets the charge speed, the charger only limits it if it can't meet the maximum the device can draw.
Or phrased differently, the max charge rate of any modern device will be the lesser of the device's max charge rate or the charger's max output. Here's a real-world test from a few years back showing that there is exactly zero difference in iPhone charge speed between an 18W, 29W, 30W, and 87W charger:
With the addition of both fast charging and wireless charging to Apple's 2017 iPhone lineup, there are more ways than ever to charge your iPhone....
www.macrumors.com
That said, heat is the enemy of batteries, and charging at 18W will definitely generate more heat in the battery than charging at 12W, which will generate more heat than charging at 5W. So if you're not in a hurry, and want to absolutely maximize the longevity of your battery, using a charger
smaller than 18W will make at least a slight difference in the long run.
As for this particular charger, it gets you nothing over a 20W charger on an iPhone, but it
does let you charge a 13" MBP or a MBA, which a 20W charger won't do.