I have experienced this same issue, but only when moving to Ventura. In OnDrive I use a combination of "download on demand" for old projects, and "always keep on this device" for current projects and faster response times.
My solution for this was to either enable (or re-enable for some folders) the OneDrive context menu option to "Always Keep on this Device." After doing that I am immediately able to re-name copied files within that directory.
OneDrive Finder helper icons have always been an issue and I assume this has something to do with that as well since sometimes those little "checkmarks icons" disappear from synced folders.
My solution for this was to either enable (or re-enable for some folders) the OneDrive context menu option to "Always Keep on this Device." After doing that I am immediately able to re-name copied files within that directory.
OneDrive Finder helper icons have always been an issue and I assume this has something to do with that as well since sometimes those little "checkmarks icons" disappear from synced folders.