I believe with APFS the kernel and core parts of the OS are in an isolated partition that is snapshot and locked down. Been a while since I read the change as it was when APFS was first introduced.Exactly how are third party drivers on Linux and macOS handled "totally different to Windows?" This isn't your run-of-the-mill device driver, this is a security program that inserts itself into the boot process and requires the lowest-of-low level OS access in order to function properly. If you're saying that Linux and macOS do not provide that access to the software, then you're also saying that the software cannot provide the same level of security protection on Linux or macOS as it can on Windows. Considering how relatively unlikely an event like this is (unlikely, but not impossible, obviously), and how much more likely security attacks are, this doesn't actually make macOS or Linux the better solution that you think it does.
If those end-user machines were using 100% cloud-based services, there would not be the kind of outages that you see today, because you are right - it would have been very quick to swap out computers and have users log in and continue with their work (whether they were using macOS or Windows or any other system). The fact that this is such a widespread issue keeping so many users down should tell you that, no, most end-users are not using 100% cloud-based software.
If this was an outage only affecting users whose computing requirements were so simple that they could use a Macbook Air, this wouldn't have been a newsworthy incident in the first place.
And that is the problem. If something like a third party app is required to ensure the health of Window’s kernel is secure, that is a problem with the design.