Credit card companies changed the rules. If a shop accepts a swipe and that swipe is a fraudulent transaction, the shop takes on the burden. Many US companies switched to reading the chip JUST to avoid this (that’s why when you swipe and your card has a chip, it forces the use of the chip).It’s like credit card companies welcome the skimming and stolen credit card theft. I just don’t get it.
A study DID find, though, that as companies were switching over, the burden of fraud was shifting from the chip enabled companies to those that hadn’t switched yet. Which, of course, then accelerated those companies path towards the chip readers.
BTW, chip-and-PIN was needed outside the US because while the US has had "real time transactions," for some time (meaning merchants immediately sent off the credit card information to the issuer for verification… and could be declined immediately) in other parts of the world without a telecommunications network like the US, there was a lag between the transaction and when the merchant would send the card information. Meaning, those passing fraudulent card numbers are out of the shop with the goods before the issuer can do anything about it.