So Google isn't allowed to say if you want to buy 1 app you have to buy them all? As in they are a package deal, no ala carte?
Still not seeing where they are forced to include any play services at all. Amazon is using Android and there are 0 Google Play Services in sight on their devices. Same with Samsung wrt Tizen.
Google has increasingly moved a lot of their products and services into their
Google Mobile Services bundle. As an end user of Android, you used to be able to download it but OEMs need a license to distribute it. GMS includes a lot of stuff that most people consider "Android" including Search, Chrome, YouTube, Play Store, Drive, Gmail, Maps and Photos. Google have also been moving a lot of their APIs out of the core of AOSP and into their
GMS SDK bundle with I think the most important one being Maps but also stuff like Google Sign in, Pay, Cast, WearOS support and I think even some extended location APIs are in there. This means that for an OEM they have to decide if they want to ship an Android phone where none of the apps will work (because they rely on these Play Store APIs) making their device less competitive or paying Google to license their Mobile Services bundle.
Amazon use Android and you're right they don't license Google Mobile Services, they also have a Google Map polyfill layer that they implement to make up for not having the real deal available. If you've ever had the misfortune of working with something that looks like the same API but with different quirks, you start to realise much effort it is to do that...and that's coming from Amazon who should have enough resources to put behind it. Similarly Samsung has for years been working to build up a parallel ecosystem to make this work but even then it's not always the greatest. Supporting those platforms is a lot of work for app developers and they're not going to bother supporting the odd ball devices that don't have this. The exception seems to be the Chinese ecosystem but they also have all in one app models where something like WeChat is an app but also let's you run "apps" inside of it as well - a platform on a platform if you will. The Chinese ecosystem never really had access to Google's services anyway and were forced to build up without it but of course that's a target market of a billion people.
I think some of the challenge for Google is that they've moved a bunch of functionality out of AOSP into the Play Store and related APIs. Partially this was
Google's way of dealing with the fragmentation problem. However since this moved a lot of what might be considered relatively core functionality of Android essentially behind a paywall, I think that contributes to the EU's findings here because OEMs are now stuck "buying" the extra services which are then tied into Google's broader ecosystem.
To be clear, I'm not sure I agree with the EU but I do understand their basis and it's relatively consistent with what they've done to Microsoft previously.